Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic, inflammatory, relapsing, pruritic (itchy) condition. It is commonly associated with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. Infants or children are most commonly affected. The condition can however persist into adulthood, or less commonly arise in adulthood.

Causes of Eczema

The cause of eczema is unknown. Both genetic and environmental predisposing factors exist. Patients with eczema often, but not always, have a family history of eczema. Patients with eczema have difficulty in retaining skin moisture as their skin barrier is impaired leading to dryness (xerosis) of the skin and itching (pruritus).

Environmental triggers that often lead to a worsening of the condition can be heat, humidity, detergents, soap, abrasive clothing (wool, etc.), chemicals, smoke, and even stress.

Intense itch is a hallmark of eczema. Scratching leads to lichenification (thickening) of the skin. Impaired barrier function leads to increased water loss from the skin and an increased risk for skin infections (one example being impetigo).

Treatment of Eczema

Treatment options vary depending on the extent of your eczema as well as taking into account your other medical conditions as well as the medications you already take. The decision on a treatment plan is best arrived at through a conversation with your Board-Certified Dermatologist to come up with a skincare regimen, along with prescription treatments if necessary.

Prescription treatments vary from topical steroids or non-steroidal topicals to systemic (oral or injected medications). All medications have their own risks and benefits and the decision as to which treatment plan is best for your particular circumstances is a complex decision.

Many other skin conditions (including some internal conditions that present on the skin as well) can mimic eczema (atopic dermatitis), highlighting the importance of a thorough examination by a Board-Certified Dermatologist prior to coming up with an individualized treatment plan.